What is Article 142 of Indian constitution
Article 142 of the Indian Constitution
Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
🔹 Text of Article 142(1):
"The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it..."
✅ Simple Explanation:
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Article 142 gives extraordinary powers to the Supreme Court to ensure “complete justice” in any case.
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The Court can go beyond laws or fill gaps in law temporarily if needed to do justice.
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Orders passed under this article are binding and must be enforced across India.
⚖️ Key Features:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Complete Justice | SC can give any order/decree to ensure justice is fully served. |
| Binding Power | The order is enforceable throughout India. |
| Beyond Statutes | SC can take steps even if no existing law covers that specific issue. |
| Used In | Landmark cases, social justice, environmental protection, criminal justice reform, etc. |
📘 Examples of Use:
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Ayodhya Verdict (2019): SC invoked Article 142 to ensure peaceful transfer of land.
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Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1989): SC ordered Union Carbide to pay compensation under Article 142.
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Environment cases: Used to shut down polluting industries or regulate illegal construction.
⚠️ Limitation:
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The power is extraordinary and should be used sparingly, only when no other remedy exists.
🧠 In Simple Words:
When no law exists or law is not enough, the Supreme Court can do whatever is needed to ensure justice is fully delivered.
Articles 139 to 145 – Supreme Court Provisions (Bilingual Chart)
| Article | Topic | Explanation (English + Hindi) |
|---|---|---|
| Article 139 | Power to issue writs | Parliament can allow SC to issue writs for matters beyond fundamental rights.संसद सुप्रीम कोर्ट को मौलिक अधिकारों के अलावा अन्य मामलों में भी रिट जारी करने की शक्ति दे सकती है। |
| Article 140 | Supplemental powers | Parliament can give extra powers to the SC for effective functioning.संसद, सुप्रीम कोर्ट को उसके कार्यों को बेहतर ढंग से करने के लिए पूरक शक्तियाँ दे सकती है। |
| Article 141 | Law declared by SC binding | Law declared by SC is binding on all courts in India.सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा घोषित कानून, भारत के सभी न्यायालयों पर बाध्यकारी होता है। |
| Article 142 | Complete justice | SC can pass any order to ensure complete justice, even beyond existing laws.सुप्रीम कोर्ट किसी भी मामले में सम्पूर्ण न्याय के लिए कोई भी आदेश दे सकता है, भले ही वह कानून में न हो। |
| Article 143 | Presidential reference | The President can seek advice of the SC on important legal matters.राष्ट्रपति, किसी महत्वपूर्ण कानूनी मुद्दे पर सुप्रीम कोर्ट से सलाह मांग सकते हैं। |
| Article 144 | Duty of civil & judicial authorities | All civil and judicial authorities must aid the Supreme Court.भारत की सभी न्यायिक व प्रशासनिक संस्थाएँ सुप्रीम कोर्ट के आदेशों के पालन में सहयोग करेंगी। |
| Article 145 | Court rules & procedure | SC can frame its own rules & procedures, with President’s approval.सुप्रीम कोर्ट, अपनी कार्यप्रणाली से जुड़े नियम बना सकता है (राष्ट्रपति की अनुमति से)। |
📚 Quick Revision Tip:
139–140: Powers given to SC
141–142: Binding decisions & complete justice
143: Advice to President
144: Duty to help SC
145: SC makes its own rules
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