🇮🇳 Article 141 of the Indian Constitution
Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
🔹 Text of Article 141:
"The law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India."
✅ Simple Explanation:
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Whatever law the Supreme Court of India declares in its judgments, it becomes binding on all lower courts (High Courts, District Courts, etc.) across the country.
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This does not mean every statement by the Supreme Court is law — only its legal principles, interpretations, and decisions become binding.
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It ensures uniformity of law throughout India.
📌 Key Points:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Binding Nature | Applies to all courts in India except the Supreme Court itself |
| Ensures | Uniformity and consistency in the application of law |
| Example | If the Supreme Court interprets a constitutional article or law in a specific way, all courts must follow that interpretation |
📘 Example:
If the Supreme Court says that Right to Privacy is a fundamental right (as it did in 2017), then every court must treat it as such.
Here is an exam-ready chart for Articles 139 to 145 of the Indian Constitution, especially useful for UPSC, PCS, SSC, UKPSC, etc.
📘 Articles 139 to 145 – Supreme Court Related Provisions (Chart Format)
| Article | Subject | Explanation (Easy Language) |
|---|---|---|
| 139 | Power to issue writs | Parliament can give Supreme Court power to issue writs for purposes other than fundamental rights. |
| 140 | Supplemental powers | Parliament can give additional powers to the Supreme Court to help it work more effectively. |
| 141 | Law declared by SC binding | All courts in India must follow the law declared by the Supreme Court. |
| 142 | Enforcement of SC orders | Supreme Court can pass any order to ensure complete justice in a case. |
| 143 | Presidential reference | President can ask Supreme Court for advice on legal matters. (Advisory Jurisdiction) |
| 144 | Civil & judicial authorities to act in aid of SC | All authorities in India must help/enforce the decisions/orders of the Supreme Court. |
| 145 | Rules of Court | Supreme Court can make rules regarding its own procedures (with approval of President). |
✅ Tips for Remembering:
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139-140 → Powers given by Parliament to SC
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141-142 → Decisions and execution by SC
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143 → Advice to the President
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144 → Support from civil/judicial bodies
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145 → Rules of working
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