📜 Article 275 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Grants from the Union to certain States
🔹 Full Text (Simplified Explanation):
Article 275 empowers the Parliament to make provisions for grants-in-aid from the Union government to States, especially to:
-
Support States in need of financial assistance, and
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Help Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes for their development.
✅ Key Provisions of Article 275:
| Clause | Description |
|---|---|
| Clause (1) | Parliament may provide grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of India to States needing financial assistance. |
| These grants are recommended by the Finance Commission. | |
| Proviso | Special grants must be provided for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes and for promoting the administration of Scheduled Areas. |
| Clause (2) | States can be required to follow certain conditions to receive the grants. |
| Clause (3) | Recurring grants for tribal development are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India. |
🧠Purpose of Article 275 Grants:
| Type of Grant | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 🔹 General grants | Financial support to States as per Finance Commission recommendations. |
| 🛖 Tribal area grants | Promote administration and development of Scheduled Areas and welfare of Scheduled Tribes. |
| 📜 Conditional grants | May come with conditions on their use (e.g., must be used for a specific scheme). |
📌 Key Points for Exams:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who gives the grants under Article 275? | Union Government |
| Who receives it? | Needy States, especially those with Scheduled Areas |
| Who recommends the grant amount? | Finance Commission |
| From which fund is the money drawn? | Consolidated Fund of India |
| Can conditions be attached? | ✅ Yes |
🧾 Difference Between Article 275 & 282:
| Feature | Article 275 | Article 282 |
|---|---|---|
| Type of grant | Statutory | Discretionary |
| Based on Finance Commission? | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Targeted Areas | Mostly Scheduled Tribes/Areas, needy States | For any public purpose |
| Binding on Centre? | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
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