What is Article 231 of Indian constitution

 

What is Article 231 of Indian constitution

Article 231 of the Indian Constitution

Title: Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States

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🔹 Text Summary:

Article 231 allows the Parliament to establish one High Court for:

• Two or more States, or

• Two or more States and one or more Union Territories.

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🧠 Key Features of Article 231:

🔑 Aspect	✅ Details
Who has the power?	Parliament of India
Can combine High Courts for?	- Two or more States

• States and Union Territories |
  | Purpose | To provide judicial efficiency and shared administration |
  | Examples in Practice | - Punjab & Haryana High Court (for Punjab, Haryana, and Chandigarh)

• Mumbai High Court (for Maharashtra, Goa, and Union Territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu)

• Guwahati High Court (jurisdiction over several Northeastern states) |

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🏛️ Why It Matters:

• Reduces duplication of resources.

• Ensures uniformity in justice for neighboring regions.

• Helps newly formed or small states/UTs avoid building a full High Court infrastructure.

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🔁 Related Articles:

Article	Subject
230	High Court jurisdiction over Union Territories
231	Common High Court for multiple States or UTs
214	High Court for each State
241	High Courts for Union Territories (like Delhi)

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📌 Real-Life Examples:

High Court	States/UTs under Jurisdiction
Punjab & Haryana HC	Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh
Bombay High Court	Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Guwahati High Court	Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh (separate benches now)

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