📜 Article 231 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
🔹 Text Summary:
Article 231 allows the Parliament to establish one High Court for:
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Two or more States, or
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Two or more States and one or more Union Territories.
🧠 Key Features of Article 231:
| 🔑 Aspect | ✅ Details |
|---|---|
| Who has the power? | Parliament of India |
| Can combine High Courts for? | - Two or more States |
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States and Union Territories |
| Purpose | To provide judicial efficiency and shared administration |
| Examples in Practice | - Punjab & Haryana High Court (for Punjab, Haryana, and Chandigarh) -
Mumbai High Court (for Maharashtra, Goa, and Union Territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu)
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Guwahati High Court (jurisdiction over several Northeastern states) |
🏛️ Why It Matters:
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Reduces duplication of resources.
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Ensures uniformity in justice for neighboring regions.
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Helps newly formed or small states/UTs avoid building a full High Court infrastructure.
🔁 Related Articles:
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 230 | High Court jurisdiction over Union Territories |
| 231 | Common High Court for multiple States or UTs |
| 214 | High Court for each State |
| 241 | High Courts for Union Territories (like Delhi) |
📌 Real-Life Examples:
| High Court | States/UTs under Jurisdiction |
|---|---|
| Punjab & Haryana HC | Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh |
| Bombay High Court | Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu |
| Guwahati High Court | Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh (separate benches now) |
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