Article 154 of the Indian Constitution outlines the executive power of the State and vests it in the Governor.
📜 Text of Article 154:
(1) The executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.
(2) Nothing in this article shall—
(a) be deemed to transfer to the Governor any functions conferred by any existing law on any other authority; or
(b) prevent Parliament or the Legislature of the State from conferring by law functions on any authority subordinate to the Governor.
📌 Key Points:
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Executive Power Vested in Governor:
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The Governor is the executive head of the state.
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He acts directly or through subordinate officers (e.g., Chief Secretary, District Collectors).
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Limits of Power:
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Existing laws that assign functions to other authorities remain valid.
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State Legislature or Parliament can also assign functions to other subordinate authorities.
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Real Executive vs Nominal Head:
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The Governor acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, headed by the Chief Minister (as per Article 163).
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🧠Why Article 154 is Important:
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It lays the foundation of State executive authority.
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Clearly demarcates the ceremonial vs functional roles of the Governor.
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Ensures continuity of governance through subordinate officers and legislative delegation.
🔄 Comparison:
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Similar to Article 53 for the Union Government, where the executive power is vested in the President.
Here is a summary chart of Articles 153 to 160 of the Indian Constitution related to the Governor of a State:
🧾 Governor of a State – Articles 153 to 160 Summary Chart
| Article | Subject | Key Provisions |
|---|---|---|
| 153 | Governor of State | There shall be a Governor for each State; one person can be Governor of multiple States. |
| 154 | Executive Power of State | Vested in the Governor; exercised directly or through subordinate officers. |
| 155 | Appointment of Governor | Appointed by the President of India. |
| 156 | Term of Office | Holds office for 5 years; can resign or be removed by the President at any time. |
| 157 | Qualifications for Governor | Must be an Indian citizen and 35 years or older. |
| 158 | Conditions of Governor’s Office | Cannot be a member of Legislature; entitled to official residence and emoluments. |
| 159 | Oath or Affirmation by the Governor | Oath administered by the Chief Justice of the High Court (or senior-most judge). |
| 160 | Discharge of Governor’s functions in contingencies | President can make provisions if there’s a vacancy or inability to discharge duties. |
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