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| What is Article 100 of indian constitution ? |
Article 100 of the Indian Constitution explains how voting works in each House of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), and it clarifies the voting rights of the presiding officers (Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman, Deputy Chairman).
📜 Text of Article 100 (Simplified)
🔹 Clause (1): Voting on Matters in Parliament
All questions in either House of Parliament shall be decided by a majority of votes of the members present and voting.
✅ “Majority of present and voting” = Only those who are present in the House and actually cast a vote are counted.
🔹 Clause (2): Casting Vote of the Presiding Officer
If there is a tie (equal votes on both sides), the Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha) shall have a casting vote to break the tie.
❗ They do not vote in the first round, only in case of a tie.
🔹 Clause (3): Presiding Officer Cannot Vote Otherwise
The Speaker or Chairman shall not vote in the first instance, only in case of a tie — this is called a “casting vote.”
🔹 Clause (4): Rules by Parliament
Parliament may make rules regarding the procedure for voting and decision-making.
✅ Key Points of Article 100
| Provision | Description |
|---|---|
| Voting method | ✅ Majority of members present and voting |
| Tie situation | ✅ Speaker/Chairman casts deciding vote |
| First round voting by presiding officer | ❌ Not allowed (they vote only to break a tie) |
| Rule-making authority | ✅ Parliament can make detailed rules and procedures |
🧾 Example
-
If 250 MPs are present and 130 vote “yes,” 120 vote “no,” the motion is passed.
-
If 125 vote “yes” and 125 vote “no,” the Speaker or Chairman uses casting vote to decide.
📌 Summary of Article 100
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Who decides matters? | Majority of present and voting members |
| Speaker/Chairman's normal vote | ❌ Do not vote normally |
| Tie vote? | ✅ They use casting vote |
| Rules framed by | Parliament |
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