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| Union Government under Part V of the Indian Constitution |
🇮🇳 Union Government (Part V) of the Indian Constitution
📘 Articles 52 to 151
🏛️ Covers: The structure, powers, and functioning of the Central Government
📚 Overview of Part V: The Union
| Chapter | Articles | Covers |
|---|---|---|
| I. The Executive | 52 – 78 | President, Vice-President, PM, Council of Ministers, AGI |
| II. Parliament | 79 – 122 | Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Sessions, Officers, etc. |
| III. Legislative Procedure | 107 – 122 | Law-making process |
| IV. Union Judiciary | 124 – 147 | Supreme Court |
| V. Comptroller and Auditor-General | 148 – 151 | CAG of India |
🏛️ 1. The Executive (Articles 52–78)
| Post | Article | Key Role |
|---|---|---|
| President | 52–62 | Head of State, signs bills into law |
| Vice-President | 63–71 | Ex-officio Chairperson of Rajya Sabha |
| Prime Minister | 74 | Real executive power |
| Council of Ministers | 74–75 | Advises President |
| Attorney General of India | 76 | Legal advisor to Government of India |
| Duties of PM & Ministers | 77–78 | Conduct of business, duties of PM |
🏛️ 2. The Parliament (Articles 79–122)
| Component | Article | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Parliament | 79 | President + Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha |
| Rajya Sabha | 80–84 | Council of States, 250 members |
| Lok Sabha | 81–84 | House of People, 550 members (max) |
| Officers | 89–98 | Speaker, Chairman, Secretariat |
| Privileges | 105 | Freedom of speech in Parliament |
| Salaries | 106 | Salaries of MPs |
📜 3. Legislative Procedure (Articles 107–122)
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Introduction and passage of bills
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Joint sittings (Article 108)
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Assent of the President (Article 111)
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Money Bills (Articles 110, 112–117)
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Procedure in financial matters
⚖️ 4. Union Judiciary – Supreme Court (Articles 124–147)
| Aspect | Article | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Supreme Court | 124 | Composition, appointment of judges |
| Tenure | 124(4) | Removal process of SC judges |
| Jurisdiction | 131–136 | Original, appellate, advisory powers |
| Review & Writs | 137–140 | Power to review, issue writs, etc. |
| Constitution Bench | 143 | President can seek advice |
📊 5. Comptroller and Auditor-General (Articles 148–151)
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CAG is appointed under Article 148
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Audits accounts of Union and States
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Reports to the President who lays it before Parliament
🧠 Key Features of Union Government (Part V)
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Parliamentary system | Real power lies with PM and Council of Ministers |
| Separation of powers | Legislature (Parliament), Executive, Judiciary |
| Bicameral legislature | Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha |
| Judicial Independence | Supreme Court is independent of government |
| Financial control | Union Budget, CAG reports, money bills |
🖼️ Structure Summary Flowchart
🇮🇳 Union Government (Part V)
│
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
Executive Legislature Judiciary CAG Legislative
(Art. 52–78) (Art. 79–122) (Art. 124–147) (Art. 148–151) Procedure
President/PM Lok Sabha Supreme Court Audit Union Bills, Joint
Vice-President Rajya Sabha Writ Powers Accounts Sessions
Council of Min Speaker, etc. Constitution Bench
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