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State Government (Part VI) of Indian constitution |
🏛️ State Government (Part VI)
📘 Articles 152 to 237
📍 Applies to: All Indian states (❌ Not applicable to Union Territories)
📚 Overview of Part VI – The State
Chapter | Articles | Covers |
---|---|---|
I. General | 152 | Definition of “State” |
II. The Executive | 153 – 167 | Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, AG of State |
III. The State Legislature | 168 – 212 | Legislative Assembly/Council, Sessions, Laws |
IV. Legislative Procedure | 196 – 212 | Law-making process in the State |
V. The High Courts in the States | 214 – 231 | Judiciary: High Courts |
VI. Subordinate Courts | 233 – 237 | Lower Judiciary (District & Sessions Courts) |
🏛️ 1. The State Executive (Articles 153–167)
Position | Article | Role |
---|---|---|
Governor | 153–161 | Constitutional head of the State |
Council of Ministers | 163–164 | Headed by the Chief Minister, holds real power |
Chief Minister | 164 | Leader of majority party; advises Governor |
Attorney General of State | 165 | Legal advisor to the State Government |
Conduct of Business | 166–167 | How the state government functions |
🏛️ 2. State Legislature (Articles 168–212)
Component | Article | Details |
---|---|---|
State Legislature | 168 | May be Unicameral (only Assembly) or Bicameral (Assembly + Council) |
Legislative Assembly | 170 | Vidhan Sabha – directly elected by the people |
Legislative Council | 171 | Vidhan Parishad – indirectly elected (if exists) |
Governor's Role | 174–176 | Can summon, prorogue, dissolve the Assembly |
Speaker & Chairman | 178–189 | Presiding officers of Assembly and Council |
📜 3. Legislative Procedure (Articles 196–212)
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Introduction and passage of bills
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Assent by Governor (Art. 200)
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Money bills (Art. 198)
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Bills reserved for President (Art. 200, 201)
⚖️ 4. High Courts in the States (Articles 214–231)
Aspect | Article | Details |
---|---|---|
High Court | 214 | Every state has a High Court (some are common) |
Appointment of Judges | 217 | By President, in consultation with Governor & CJI |
Tenure & Removal | 217–218 | Until 62 years; removed like SC judges |
Jurisdiction | 226 | Can issue writs like SC (for FR enforcement) |
Transfer of Judges | 222 | By the President on CJI’s recommendation |
⚖️ 5. Subordinate Courts (Articles 233–237)
Courts | Article | Details |
---|---|---|
District Judges | 233 | Appointed by Governor in consultation with HC |
Control by HC | 235 | High Court has control over lower courts |
Civil & Criminal Courts | 236–237 | Subordinate to High Court |
🧠 Key Features of State Government (Part VI)
Feature | Description |
---|---|
Federal Structure | Power shared between Union & States |
Governor | Nominal head of State (appointed by President) |
CM & Council of Ministers | Real executive power lies with Chief Minister |
Unicameral/Bicameral | States may have one or two houses of legislature |
High Courts | Independent judiciary in the state |
🖼️ State Government Structure (Flowchart)
🏛️ State Government (Part VI)
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┌────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼
Executive Legislature Judiciary
(Art. 153–167) (Art. 168–212) (Art. 214–237)
│ │ │
├─ Governor ├─ Legislative Assembly ├─ High Court
├─ Chief Minister ├─ (Vidhan Sabha) ├─ District Courts
├─ Council of Ministers ├─ Legislative Council (if any) └─ Sessions Courts
└─ Advocate General └─ Speaker/Chairman
🧾 Does Part VI Apply to All States?
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✅ Yes, applies to all States.
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❌ Does not apply to Union Territories (which are governed under Part VIII, Article 239–241).
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