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State Government (Part VI) of Indian constitution

 

State Government (Part VI) of Indian constitution 


🏛️ State Government (Part VI)

📘 Articles 152 to 237
📍 Applies to: All Indian states (❌ Not applicable to Union Territories)


📚 Overview of Part VI – The State

Chapter Articles Covers
I. General 152 Definition of “State”
II. The Executive 153 – 167 Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, AG of State
III. The State Legislature 168 – 212 Legislative Assembly/Council, Sessions, Laws
IV. Legislative Procedure 196 – 212 Law-making process in the State
V. The High Courts in the States 214 – 231 Judiciary: High Courts
VI. Subordinate Courts 233 – 237 Lower Judiciary (District & Sessions Courts)

🏛️ 1. The State Executive (Articles 153–167)

Position Article Role
Governor 153–161 Constitutional head of the State
Council of Ministers 163–164 Headed by the Chief Minister, holds real power
Chief Minister 164 Leader of majority party; advises Governor
Attorney General of State 165 Legal advisor to the State Government
Conduct of Business 166–167 How the state government functions

🏛️ 2. State Legislature (Articles 168–212)

Component Article Details
State Legislature 168 May be Unicameral (only Assembly) or Bicameral (Assembly + Council)
Legislative Assembly 170 Vidhan Sabha – directly elected by the people
Legislative Council 171 Vidhan Parishad – indirectly elected (if exists)
Governor's Role 174–176 Can summon, prorogue, dissolve the Assembly
Speaker & Chairman 178–189 Presiding officers of Assembly and Council

📜 3. Legislative Procedure (Articles 196–212)

  • Introduction and passage of bills

  • Assent by Governor (Art. 200)

  • Money bills (Art. 198)

  • Bills reserved for President (Art. 200, 201)


⚖️ 4. High Courts in the States (Articles 214–231)

Aspect Article Details
High Court 214 Every state has a High Court (some are common)
Appointment of Judges 217 By President, in consultation with Governor & CJI
Tenure & Removal 217–218 Until 62 years; removed like SC judges
Jurisdiction 226 Can issue writs like SC (for FR enforcement)
Transfer of Judges 222 By the President on CJI’s recommendation

⚖️ 5. Subordinate Courts (Articles 233–237)

Courts Article Details
District Judges 233 Appointed by Governor in consultation with HC
Control by HC 235 High Court has control over lower courts
Civil & Criminal Courts 236–237 Subordinate to High Court

🧠 Key Features of State Government (Part VI)

Feature Description
Federal Structure Power shared between Union & States
Governor Nominal head of State (appointed by President)
CM & Council of Ministers Real executive power lies with Chief Minister
Unicameral/Bicameral States may have one or two houses of legislature
High Courts Independent judiciary in the state

🖼️ State Government Structure (Flowchart)

                        🏛️ State Government (Part VI)
                                 │
    ┌────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┐
    ▼                            ▼                             ▼
Executive                  Legislature                     Judiciary
(Art. 153–167)             (Art. 168–212)                   (Art. 214–237)
│                          │                                │
├─ Governor                ├─ Legislative Assembly          ├─ High Court
├─ Chief Minister          ├─ (Vidhan Sabha)                ├─ District Courts
├─ Council of Ministers    ├─ Legislative Council (if any)  └─ Sessions Courts
└─ Advocate General        └─ Speaker/Chairman

🧾 Does Part VI Apply to All States?

  • ✅ Yes, applies to all States.

  • Does not apply to Union Territories (which are governed under Part VIII, Article 239–241).