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| What is Article 45 of Indian constitution |
Article 45 of the Indian Constitution is a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and focuses on providing early childhood care and free education to children below 6 years of age.
📜 Original Text of Article 45 (Before 2002 Amendment)
“The State shall endeavour to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.”
But in 2002, this part was shifted to Article 21A (as a Fundamental Right) by the 86th Constitutional Amendment.
📜 Current Text of Article 45 (After 2002 Amendment)
“The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.”
✅ Meaning of Article 45 (Now)
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Focuses on children below 6 years of age
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The government must provide:
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Preschool education
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Nutrition
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Healthcare
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Daycare facilities for working mothers
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Supports early development in Anganwadis, play schools, etc.
🧒 Why Is Article 45 Important?
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Early childhood is the foundation for lifelong learning and development.
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Helps children from weaker sections get equal opportunities.
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Ensures mental, emotional, and physical growth at the right age.
🛠️ Schemes Based on Article 45
| Scheme/Program | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) | Anganwadi centers provide nutrition, preschool education, and health care |
| National Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) | Builds a strong foundation for children’s schooling |
| Poshan Abhiyaan | Aims to reduce malnutrition in children and women |
📌 Summary of Article 45
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Type of provision | Directive Principle of State Policy (not enforceable in court) |
| Current focus | Children below 6 years |
| State's responsibility | Provide early care, nutrition, and education |
| Linked schemes | ICDS, Anganwadi, Poshan Abhiyaan |
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