What is Article 39 of Indian constitution| Article 39 of the Indian Constitution is one of the most important Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). It directs the State (government) to ensure economic justice, equal opportunity, and fair distribution of resources.

What is Article 39 of Indian constitution

 Article 39 of the Indian Constitution is one of the most important Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). It directs the State (government) to ensure economic justice, equal opportunity, and fair distribution of resources.

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📜 Text of Article 39 (Simplified)

The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing:

🔹 (a) Equal right to an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens.

🔹 (b) Ownership and control of material resources (like land, water, forests) are distributed for the common good, not just a few rich people.

🔹 (c) The economic system does not result in wealth concentration in the hands of a few.

🔹 (d) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.

🔹 (e) Health and strength of workers (men, women, children) are not abused, and citizens are not forced by economic necessity to do work unsuitable for their age or strength.

🔹 (f) Children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity, and they are protected from exploitation and moral or material abandonment.

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✅ Explanation of Each Clause in Simple Terms

Clause	What it Means
(a)	Every citizen should have a fair chance to earn a livelihood
(b)	Resources should be used for the benefit of all, not just the rich
(c)	Avoid the gap between rich and poor becoming too wide
(d)	Ensure equal pay for equal work for men and women
(e)	Protect workers from doing harmful or unfair work due to poverty
(f)	Protect children from abuse, exploitation, and ensure they grow up with dignity

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🏛️ Importance of Article 39

• Forms the foundation of economic and social justice in India.

• Inspired many laws and schemes like:

  • Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

  • Child Labour Prohibition laws

  • Right to Education Act

  • Welfare schemes for poor and farmers

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🧠 Important Case:

Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973):

The Supreme Court emphasized that DPSPs are essential to the Constitution, and the government must balance them with Fundamental Rights.

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📌 Summary of Article 39

Feature	Description
Type	Directive Principle of State Policy
Focus	Livelihood, equality, worker rights, child protection
Court enforceable?	❌ No (not enforceable in court)
Purpose	Build an equal and just society

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