🧾 Article 323 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Reports of Public Service Commissions
📘 Purpose:
Article 323 ensures accountability and transparency of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and State Public Service Commissions (SPSC) by mandating them to submit annual reports to the President or Governor.
🔍 Key Provisions of Article 323:
| Clause | Provision |
|---|---|
| (1) | UPSC and Joint PSCs must submit an annual report of their work to the President. |
| (2) | State PSCs must submit an annual report to the Governor of the respective state. |
| (3) | The President/Governor places the report before Parliament / State Legislature with: |
| • A memorandum explaining cases where advice of the PSC was not accepted and why. |
📊 Summary Chart: Article 323
| PSC Type | Report Submitted To | Report Placed Before | Includes |
|---|---|---|---|
| UPSC / JPSC | President of India | Both Houses of Parliament | Annual performance + reasons for rejecting PSC advice (if any) |
| SPSC | Governor of the State | State Legislature | Same: Report + reasons for non-acceptance of PSC advice |
🧠 Why Article 323 Is Important:
-
Ensures transparency in the functioning of PSCs
-
Keeps the executive accountable for deviating from PSC advice
-
Strengthens Parliamentary and Legislative oversight
✅ Example:
| Scenario | Under Article 323 |
|---|---|
| UPSC recommends candidate A, but govt appoints candidate B instead | Govt must explain reasons in report to Parliament |
| UKPSC submits its annual report to Uttarakhand Governor | Governor must lay it before State Legislature |
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