🧾 Article 314 of the Indian Constitution (Repealed)
Title (Before Repeal): Protection of existing officers of certain services
📘 Status:
✅ Originally part of the Constitution
❌ Repealed by the 28th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1972
🔍 What Article 314 Used to Say:
It provided protection and guarantees to officers of:
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The Indian Civil Services (ICS) and
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Other services who were in government service before the Constitution came into force (i.e., pre-1950)
🔹 These officers were entitled to the same conditions of service (such as pay, leave, pension) as they had under British India or princely states, unless Parliament decided otherwise.
🎯 Why Article 314 Was Repealed:
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Over time, it became obsolete, as the ICS had been fully replaced by the IAS and other modern civil services.
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It was felt that such special constitutional protection was no longer necessary.
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Repealed through the 28th Amendment Act, 1972, which also amended Article 312 to include new safeguards for modern All-India Services.
📊 Summary Table: Article 314
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Article Number | 314 |
| Title | Protection of pre-Constitution officers (now repealed) |
| Purpose | Guarantee service conditions for British-era officers |
| Repealed By | 28th Amendment Act, 1972 |
| Reason for Repeal | ICS officers had retired; special protection no longer needed |
| Current Relevance | ❌ No longer part of the Constitution |
🧠 Conclusion:
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Article 314 was a temporary protective measure for pre-1950 civil servants.
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Its repeal marks India’s shift from colonial to modern civil service structure.
Here is a 📊 Summary Chart of Articles 309 to 314 of the Indian Constitution — including service rules, tenure, protection, All-India services, transitional provisions, and repealed content:
🧾 Comparison Chart: Articles 309 to 314 – Services Under Union and States
| Article | Title | Main Focus | Applies To | Current Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | Recruitment and Conditions of Service | Empowers Parliament/State Legislatures to frame rules for recruitment and service | Union & State civil services | ✅ Active |
| 310 | Tenure at Pleasure of President/Governor | Civil servants serve at the pleasure of President/Governor | All civil services (except armed forces) | ✅ Active |
| 311 | Protection Against Arbitrary Dismissal | Civil servants must get notice + inquiry before removal/dismissal (with exceptions) | Civil servants (not intel/defence) | ✅ Active |
| 312 | Creation of All-India Services | Parliament can create AIS (like IAS, IPS, IFS) with 2/3 RS approval in national interest | Union & States (via Rajya Sabha) | ✅ Active |
| 313 | Transitional Provisions | Allowed pre-Constitution rules to continue until Article 309 rules were made | Civil services in 1950 | ✅ Active (historical only) |
| 314 | Protection of British-era Officers (Repealed) | Protected conditions of service for ICS officers & pre-1950 services | Pre-1950 officers | ❌ Repealed in 1972 (28th CAA) |
🧠 Key Notes for Students & Bloggers:
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Articles 309–311 form the backbone of civil service protection.
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Article 312 allows uniform national services across Centre & States.
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Article 313 helped ensure smooth transition post-independence.
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Article 314 was temporary and repealed when no longer needed.
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