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| What is Article 262 of Indian constitution |
Article 262 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
Part XI – Relations Between the Union and the States
Chapter II – Administrative Relations
🔍 Text Summary of Article 262:
Article 262 gives Parliament the power to make laws for the resolution of disputes between States regarding inter-State river waters. It also allows Parliament to bar courts, including the Supreme Court, from interfering in such disputes.
🧠 Clauses of Article 262:
| 🔢 Clause |
📘 Provision |
| (1) |
Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint relating to the use, distribution, or control of waters of any inter-State river or river valley. |
| (2) |
Parliament may by law exclude the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and other courts over such disputes. |
⚖️ Key Law Made Under Article 262:
| 🏛️ Law |
📅 Year |
📘 Purpose |
| Inter-State Water Disputes Act |
1956 |
Provides a mechanism (Tribunal) for resolving water disputes between States |
🧪 Examples of Inter-State River Disputes:
| 🏞️ River |
⚔️ States Involved |
🚨 Issue |
| Cauvery |
Karnataka vs Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry |
Water sharing |
| Krishna |
Maharashtra vs Karnataka vs Andhra Pradesh |
Allocation of water |
| Ravi-Beas |
Punjab vs Haryana vs Rajasthan |
River water distribution |
🔁 Related Concepts:
| 📘 Related Article / Act |
📌 Connection |
| Article 131 |
Original jurisdiction of SC in Centre–State disputes (but barred in water disputes if Article 262 invoked) |
| Entry 56, List I |
Union can regulate inter-State rivers |
| Entry 17, List II |
States can manage water within their boundaries (subject to 262) |
🧠 In Simple Words:
Article 262 lets Parliament create special laws to settle disputes over rivers shared by multiple States, and even lets it stop courts from interfering — to avoid political and legal deadlocks.
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