📜 Article 234 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
🔹 Text Summary:
Article 234 lays down the procedure for recruitment of civil judges and magistrates (i.e., judicial officers other than district judges) in the subordinate judiciary of a State.
🧠 Key Provisions:
| 🔑 Aspect | ✅ Details |
|---|---|
| Who is recruited under this Article? | Judicial officers below the rank of District Judge — such as Civil Judges (Junior Division), Judicial Magistrates, etc. |
| Who recruits? | The Governor of the State |
| Who must be consulted? | - The High Court of the State |
-
The State Public Service Commission (PSC) |
| Purpose | To ensure fair and merit-based recruitment into the judicial service |
| Rules framed by? | Governor, in consultation with the High Court and PSC |
| Role of High Court | To oversee and advise on appointments and suitability of candidates |
🏛️ Explanation:
-
Article 234 ensures that entry-level judicial officers are selected through a process that is transparent and supervised by both the judiciary and the executive.
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It creates a joint responsibility between the Governor, the High Court, and the Public Service Commission to maintain quality and independence in the lower judiciary.
📌 Example:
If a State wants to appoint 50 Civil Judges (Junior Division):
-
The State Public Service Commission conducts the Judicial Service Exam.
-
The Governor finalizes the appointments in consultation with the High Court.
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The High Court has the final say on the suitability of candidates.
🔁 Related Articles:
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 233 | Appointment of District Judges |
| 234 | Recruitment of other judicial officers |
| 235 | Control of High Court over subordinate judiciary |
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