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What is Article 234 of indian constitution

 

📜 Article 234 of the Indian Constitution

Title: Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service


🔹 Text Summary:

Article 234 lays down the procedure for recruitment of civil judges and magistrates (i.e., judicial officers other than district judges) in the subordinate judiciary of a State.


🧠 Key Provisions:

🔑 Aspect Details
Who is recruited under this Article? Judicial officers below the rank of District Judge — such as Civil Judges (Junior Division), Judicial Magistrates, etc.
Who recruits? The Governor of the State
Who must be consulted? - The High Court of the State
  • The State Public Service Commission (PSC) |
    | Purpose | To ensure fair and merit-based recruitment into the judicial service |
    | Rules framed by? | Governor, in consultation with the High Court and PSC |
    | Role of High Court | To oversee and advise on appointments and suitability of candidates |


🏛️ Explanation:

  • Article 234 ensures that entry-level judicial officers are selected through a process that is transparent and supervised by both the judiciary and the executive.

  • It creates a joint responsibility between the Governor, the High Court, and the Public Service Commission to maintain quality and independence in the lower judiciary.


📌 Example:

If a State wants to appoint 50 Civil Judges (Junior Division):

  • The State Public Service Commission conducts the Judicial Service Exam.

  • The Governor finalizes the appointments in consultation with the High Court.

  • The High Court has the final say on the suitability of candidates.


🔁 Related Articles:

Article Subject
233 Appointment of District Judges
234 Recruitment of other judicial officers
235 Control of High Court over subordinate judiciary