📜 Article 169 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States
🔹 Text Summary of Article 169:
Parliament may by law provide for the abolition or creation of the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) in a state if the Legislative Assembly of that state passes a resolution to that effect by a special majority.
📌 Key Provisions of Article 169:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Power to Create/Abolish | Lies with Parliament of India |
| Initiating Body | Legislative Assembly of the concerned State |
| Resolution Requirement | Passed by a special majority (i.e., majority of total membership + 2/3 of members present and voting) |
| Procedure | After the resolution, Parliament may enact a law to create or abolish the Council |
| Applicability | Applies to bicameral states or states desiring to change structure |
🧠 Key Takeaways:
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The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) has the right to initiate removal or re-creation of the Legislative Council.
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Final authority rests with the Parliament, not the state itself.
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Reflects flexibility in the Indian Constitution for unicameral or bicameral legislature at the state level.
🏛️ States with Legislative Councils (as of now):
| State | Has Legislative Council? |
|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | ✅ Yes |
| Bihar | ✅ Yes |
| Maharashtra | ✅ Yes |
| Karnataka | ✅ Yes |
| Andhra Pradesh | ✅ Yes |
| Telangana | ✅ Yes |
Some other states like Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and Rajasthan have passed resolutions in the past but the Parliament did not act upon all.
⚖️ Related Articles:
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 168 | Constitution of State Legislatures |
| 171 | Composition of Legislative Councils |
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