What is Article 169 of Indian constitution

 

What is Article 169 of Indian constitution

Article 169 of the Indian Constitution

Title: Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States

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🔹 Text Summary of Article 169:

Parliament may by law provide for the abolition or creation of the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) in a state if the Legislative Assembly of that state passes a resolution to that effect by a special majority.

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📌 Key Provisions of Article 169:

Aspect	Details
Power to Create/Abolish	Lies with Parliament of India
Initiating Body	Legislative Assembly of the concerned State
Resolution Requirement	Passed by a special majority (i.e., majority of total membership + 2/3 of members present and voting)
Procedure	After the resolution, Parliament may enact a law to create or abolish the Council
Applicability	Applies to bicameral states or states desiring to change structure

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🧠 Key Takeaways:

• The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) has the right to initiate removal or re-creation of the Legislative Council.

• Final authority rests with the Parliament, not the state itself.

• Reflects flexibility in the Indian Constitution for unicameral or bicameral legislature at the state level.

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🏛️ States with Legislative Councils (as of now):

State	Has Legislative Council?
Uttar Pradesh	✅ Yes
Bihar	✅ Yes
Maharashtra	✅ Yes
Karnataka	✅ Yes
Andhra Pradesh	✅ Yes
Telangana	✅ Yes

Some other states like Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and Rajasthan have passed resolutions in the past but the Parliament did not act upon all.

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⚖️ Related Articles:

Article	Subject
168	Constitution of State Legislatures
171	Composition of Legislative Councils

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