📜 Article 166 of the Indian Constitution
Title: Conduct of business of the Government of a State
🔹 Text Summary of Article 166:
Article 166 outlines how the executive business of a State government shall be carried out. It is similar to Article 77 at the Union level.
📌 Clause-wise Summary:
| Clause | Provision |
|---|---|
| (1) | All executive actions of the State Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the Governor. |
| (2) | Orders and instruments made and executed in the name of the Governor shall be authenticated in a manner as specified in the rules. Once authenticated, they cannot be questioned in court on grounds of authentication. |
| (3) | The Governor shall make rules for the convenient transaction of business of the State Government, and for allocation among ministers of the said business. |
🧠 Key Takeaways:
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Even though the real authority lies with the Council of Ministers, all actions are taken in the name of the Governor, who is the constitutional head.
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Ensures legitimacy and formality of State government orders.
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The Governor frames rules for how work is distributed and how decisions are processed.
🏛️ Example:
If the Education Minister decides to launch a new school scheme, the official order will say:
“In the name of the Governor of [State], it is hereby ordered…”
But the decision is taken by the minister, not the Governor directly.
⚖️ Related Article:
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Article 77 – Similar provision for the Union Government (in the name of the President).
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