Article 54 of the Indian Constitution explains how the President of India is elected.
📜 Text of Article 54 (Simplified)
"The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of —
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The elected members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), and
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The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States (including Union territories like Delhi and Puducherry)."
✅ Explanation of Article 54
| Part | Meaning |
|---|---|
| President of India | Elected, not appointed or hereditary |
| Electoral College | A special voting group made up of elected MPs and MLAs |
| Who Votes? | Only elected members of: |
- Lok Sabha
- Rajya Sabha
- State Legislative Assemblies (MLAs)
- Legislative Assemblies of Union Territories (Delhi & Puducherry) |
| Who Cannot Vote? | Nominated members of Parliament or State Assemblies cannot vote |
🧮 How the President Is Elected
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Indirect Election — not by the general public
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Proportional representation system with single transferable vote
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Voting is done by secret ballot
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Value of vote of each MLA and MP is calculated based on population and seat
📌 Summary of Article 54
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Type of Article | Union Executive – President's election process |
| Election system | Indirect, through Electoral College |
| Includes voters | Elected MPs and MLAs (States + certain Union Territories) |
| Excludes voters | Nominated members do not vote |
| Election method | Proportional representation and secret ballot |
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