What is Article 32 of Indian constitution|

What is Article 32 of Indian constitution

 Article 32 of the Indian Constitution is one of the most powerful and important rights. It gives citizens the Right to Constitutional Remedies — meaning if your fundamental rights are violated, you can directly approach the Supreme Court.

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📜 Text of Article 32 (Simplified)

“The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed.”

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✅ Key Features of Article 32

Feature	Description
Purpose	To protect Fundamental Rights
Who can approach	Any citizen of India
Where to approach	Directly to the Supreme Court
Remedies available	Writs issued by the court to enforce rights
Type of right	Fundamental Right itself

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🖊️ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said:

"Article 32 is the heart and soul of the Constitution."

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✋ When can you use Article 32?

When any of your Fundamental Rights (Articles 12 to 35) are violated — such as:

• Right to Equality (Article 14)

• Right to Freedom (Article 19)

• Right to Life (Article 21)

• Protection from discrimination (Article 15)

• Freedom of Religion (Article 25), etc.

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⚖️ Types of Writs under Article 32

The Supreme Court can issue five types of writs to protect your rights:

Writ Name	Purpose
Habeas Corpus	“Produce the body” – to release someone from illegal detention
Mandamus	“We command” – directs a public official to do their duty
Prohibition	Stops a lower court from going beyond its power
Certiorari	Transfers a case from lower court to higher court for review
Quo Warranto	“By what authority” – challenges someone’s right to hold a public post

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🧠 Important Points:

• Only the Supreme Court can be approached under Article 32.

• High Courts can enforce rights too, under Article 226, but Article 32 is a guaranteed remedy.

• Article 32 cannot be suspended, except during a national emergency (Article 359).

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🏛️ Landmark Case:

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)

Supreme Court widened the scope of Article 21 and reinforced that Article 32 is a direct route to seek justice when rights are denied.

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📌 Summary of Article 32

Point	Description
Type of right	Fundamental Right
Who can use it	Any citizen of India
Purpose	To enforce Fundamental Rights
Authority involved	Supreme Court of India
Tools used	Five writs

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