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| What is Article 30 of Indian constitution |
Article 30 of the Indian Constitution provides special rights to religious and linguistic minorities in India to establish and manage their own educational institutions.
📜 Text of Article 30 (Simplified)
🔹 Clause (1):
All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
👉 Example:
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A Christian group can run a Christian school.
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A Tamil-speaking minority in a Hindi-speaking region can open a Tamil-medium school.
🔹 Clause (1A):
If the State acquires a minority institution’s property, it must pay fair compensation.
(This clause was added by the 44th Constitutional Amendment, 1978)
🔹 Clause (2):
The State shall not discriminate in giving aid to educational institutions based on the fact that they are minority-run.
👉 Meaning:
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If the government gives funds to other schools, it must not deny aid to minority institutions just because they’re run by minorities.
✅ Key Features of Article 30
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Who can use it | Religious and linguistic minorities |
| What is allowed | Set up and manage their own schools, colleges, etc. |
| Can teach in their language or faith | Yes |
| Government cannot discriminate | In providing funds or aid to such institutions |
| If property acquired | Must be done with fair compensation |
🧠 Important Case:
T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002)
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Supreme Court clarified that minorities have a fundamental right to run educational institutions.
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But they must follow reasonable rules (like education standards, qualifications) set by the government.
🔍 Who are "Minorities"?
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Not clearly defined in the Constitution, but interpreted as:
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Religious minorities: Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, etc.
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Linguistic minorities: People whose language is not the majority in that state.
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📌 Summary of Article 30
| Clause | What It Says |
|---|---|
| (1) | Minorities can establish and run educational institutions of their choice |
| (1A) | If property is acquired, fair compensation must be given |
| (2) | No discrimination by State in granting aid to minority institutions |
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